Photo by Andrea Piacquadio
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Dark spots, also known as hyperpigmentation, are the result of an overproduction of melanin. What causes this overproduction, however, can vary. For some, dark spots result from a hormonal imbalance, which can often happen during pregnancy. Overexposure to the sun, aging, acne, and overusing harsh scrubs can also lead to dark spots.

Now that you know what causes dark spots, let's talk about how you can eliminate them. From integrating the right topical treatment to getting a chemical peel, here are some treatments you should know about for treating your dark spots:

1. Hydroquinone

For years, hydroquinone has been the gold standard for treating hyperpigmentation. Hydroquinone is a skin-lightening agent that lightens the skin by decreasing the number of melanocytes (cells that make melanin) present in your skin. This, in turn, controls the overproduction of melanin, fading hyperpigmentation, so you can achieve smooth and clear skin.

Hydroquinone typically comes as a cream or gel. Regardless of the type you choose, it works the same. Keep in mind, though, results won't happen overnight. According to experts, it can take 4-6 weeks of daily use to see a difference in your skin. So, do your best to stay patient.

In addition to treating hyperpigmentation, hydroquinone reverses skin aging related to sun damage. It can also reduce the appearance of freckles, scars, and age spots.

2. Vitamin C

Vitamin C isn't just something you can consume when drinking a glass of orange juice. It also comes as a topical solution that can effectively treat dark spots. Not many people know this, but vitamin C is an antioxidant. That's why doctors recommend it to support your immune system.

When applied to the skin, vitamin C helps block free radicals (aka cancer-causing molecules) from causing damage to your skin. It also stops the overproduction of melanin, helping to fade your dark spots.

While vitamin C is somewhat of a lightening agent, it only targets the darker patches on your skin. Meaning, you don't have to worry about your entire face being impacted - just those pesky spots. Vitamin C also encourages new collagen growth. This is important, especially as you age and start to lose collagen. Applying vitamin C daily can go a long way in keeping your skin firm and spot-free.

3. Chemical Peels

A chemical peel is a procedure where a professional applies a special acid solution to your skin. When applied, the solution removes the top layers of skin so smooth and clear skin can grow back in its place.

There are different types of chemical peels, ranging in depths. A light chemical peel, also known as a "superficial" peel is considered less intense. It removes the outer layer of the skin and is effective at treating wrinkles and acne. A medium chemical peel removes skin cells from the outer layer, as well as parts of the middle layer of the skin. Because this peel goes deeper, it's more effective at treating dark spots. A deep chemical peel goes even deeper and is ideal for treating larger scars and wrinkles.

It's important to consult with a professional to help you choose the right peel for you. If you have sensitive skin, a dermatologist will probably recommend a light to medium peel to avoid potential irritation. With that said, you may still experience some redness and swelling after your treatment, but it should fade in a few days.

4. Retinol

Retinol is a form of vitamin A that's been considered a miracle ingredient by dermatologists. Retinol offers many skincare benefits. It's used to treat acne, reverse signs of aging, and fade dark spots.

When applied to your skin, retinol works by increasing your skin's cell turnover rate. This means your dead skin will shed quicker, leaving you with a smoother complexion. A retinol also helps unclog pores, exfoliates skin, and increases collagen production. Not only will you notice your dark spots fading, but your fine lines and wrinkles as well. That's a win-win!

Retinol comes in several forms, including gels, creams, serums, ointments, and lotions. Some types you can purchase over-the-counter, while more concentrated forms have to be prescribed. Because dark spots can be tricky to fade, it's a good idea to opt for for prescription form of retinol. Keep in mind, it can takes months to see results, so be patient.

5. Limit Sun Exposure

As mentioned above, dark spots are the result of an overproduction of melanin. You may not know this, but the sun's ultraviolet light speeds up the production of melanin. This doesn't mean spending time outside can cause dark spots, but the sun can make those spots more prominent. Because of that, it's imperative that you limit your sun exposure.

Keep in mind, this doesn't mean you should never spend time outside. You just want to make sure you're protected. A great way to do that is by wearing sunscreen. Applying sunscreen daily is an easy way to combat dark spots, and it takes hardly any time at all. Just make sure you use sunscreen with an SPF of at least 30, and that you apply it at least 15 minutes before going outside.

Sunscreen isn't just a great way to combat dark spots. According to research, 90% of skin aging is caused by the sun. If you want to avoid premature aging, make sure you're applying sunscreen - even when it's cloudy outside.

Dark spots are common, but that doesn't make them any less frustrating. If you're tired of dealing with dark spots, use the tips above to help them fade once and for all.