The contact with infected dairy bull calves bought from Wisconsin livestock markets is said to be the cause of the multistate outbreak as reported by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention based on epidemiologic, trace back and laboratory results.

According to the Huffington Post, the calves were raised not only for meat but also for the 4-H Project, the US Government network of youth organizations which engaged young citizens to actively participate through experiential learning, mostly in agricultural work.

As of November 28 the CDC has already reported 21 people who get infected and they come from eight different states. These cases occurred from January 11 to October 24. Wisconsin had 12 cases, South Dakota with two, Minnesota also two, Missouri, Idaho, Iowa, Oklahoma, and California each had one. Infected people ranges from 1 year old to 72. Those infected were reported to have contacted calves or cattle and some got sick when their dairy bull calves became sick or died. So it was concluded that human infections were likely linked to ill calves.

These were supported by the testing using whole genome sequencing. It was found that the disease has resistant to antibiotics. The Wisconsin State Laboratory of Hygiene conducted the resistance testing on clinical isolates from infected individuals.

The test identified multiple antimicrobial resistance genes in isolates taken from 15 patients and eight cattle. The alarming result of the test proved that infected may have increased chances of hospitalization, development of infection in the bloodstream or failure of treatment, as Tech Times reported.

Salmonella infected people may experience abdominal pain, nausea, diarrhea, vomiting, headaches, muscle pain, fever, and chills. The symptoms may start between six to 72 hours after the person is exposed to bacteria. One week may be the length of recovery but others may need hospitalization. In Salmonella case hospitalization rate may increase because of the resistant of bacteria to antibiotics.

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