Researchers released the results of different coronavirus vaccine 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines that went into Phase 1 and Phase 2 human clinical trials.

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Researchers, pharmaceutical companies, and scientists worldwide are on the race of developing and producing safe and effective COVID-19 vaccine. And some researchers already released the results of their human clinical trials.

On Monday, three research groups released separately the positive results of their candidate vaccines. In their reports, they said their vaccines induced a multipronged immune response that is very important for long-term protection against the infectious and deadly coronavirus.

The three groups, who released the results, were the University of Oxford and its partner AstraZeneca, Pfizer and its partner BioNTech, and the Chinese vaccine company CanSino Biologics. The frontrunner Moderna also released promising early data last week.

However, experts warned that even though the result of the early studies is very promising, there is still a need to confirm the safety and effectiveness of the vaccines during the Phase 3 human clinical trials. This is the phase where it will be participated by at least 30,000 persons.

The World Health Organization (WHO) said there are at least 23 candidate vaccines that are in different human clinical trials. WHO also added that several of the candidate vaccines are showing promising results during their early clinical trials either in peer-reviewed journals, directly online to preprint servers, or in a press release.

Here are the results of some COVID-19 vaccine candidates:

Oxford Coronavirus Vaccine

On Monday, new data by Oxford-AstraZeneca, which was published in the journal of The Lancet, suggested that the vaccine is safe and induces immune response to fight the new coronavirus based on the phase 1 of its trial.

Around 1,077 volunteers participated during the Phase 1/2 trial and the result revealed that all of them developed neutralizing antibodies against the virus.

Professor Adrian Hill, director of Oxford's Jenner Institute, said the result of the latest data is very encouraging. He also added that experts are are "seeing both arms of the immune systems stimulated very strongly by the vaccine."

BioNTech and Pfizer

The BioNTech and Pfizer also released the result of their Phase 1/2 human clinical trials. The study was participated by 60 participants and the results showed that the vaccine induced both neutralizing antibody and T-cell responses.

However, they have not yet undergone the normal scientific review process because the results were immediately published in a preprint server.

CanSino Biologics

The CanSino Biologics also released the result of their human clinical trials that showed the same result as with the previously named groups.

Meanwhile, the US-based Moderna also released their data through The New England Journal of Medicine. Moderna's data also showed a promising result and it demonstrated this two-pronged effect of neutralizing antibodies and T-cell response.

According to the director of the National Institutes of Health Franci Collins, many of the vaccines are showing promising results.

COVID-19 vaccines should undergo three different phases. Each of the phases is tested differently based on its specific purpose and number of participants.

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